Solar energy systems work by harnessing the power of the sun to generate electricity or heat. The process varies depending on whether it’s a solar photovoltaic (PV) system or a solar thermal system:
1. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System:
– Solar panels, made up of semiconductor materials like silicon, are installed on rooftops or in open areas to capture sunlight.
– When sunlight (photons) strikes the solar panels, the semiconductor materials absorb the photons and generate direct current (DC) electricity through the photovoltaic effect.
– The DC electricity is then sent to an inverter, which converts it into alternating current (AC) electricity, suitable for use in homes and businesses.
– The AC electricity is distributed through the building’s electrical system to power appliances, lights, and other electrical devices.
– Any excess electricity generated by the solar panels can be fed back into the grid (if the system is grid-connected) or stored in batteries for later use.To learn more about the components of a solar system, click here.
2. Solar Thermal System:
– Solar thermal systems capture the sun’s heat and use it for space heating, water heating, or even to generate electricity through concentrated solar power (CSP) systems.
– In a solar water heating system, water is circulated through flat-plate collectors or evacuated tube collectors, where it is heated by the sun. The heated water is then stored in a tank and used for various purposes like showers, cleaning, or space heating.
– In CSP systems, mirrors or lenses focus sunlight onto a receiver, which contains a heat-transfer fluid. The heated fluid then produces steam, which drives a turbine connected to an electricity generator.
Both solar PV and solar thermal systems offer renewable and sustainable energy solutions, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. The choice between the two depends on the specific energy needs and applications of a particular location or project. Additionally, combining both technologies can create even more efficient solar energy systems that maximize energy production and usage.
